马尾松幼苗对模拟酸雨与铝胁迫的响应及其抗性机制

利用微核技术、核仁银染技术,TBA显色法、电导率仪法、NBT还原法和愈创木酚法,以及发射光谱仪测定等,对马尾松幼苗对酸雨、铝和酸雨-铝的不同胁迫条件的响应及其抗性机制的进行研究.结果表明:1)当pH值为5.6～3.5或铝浓度为100～3 000 mg·L~(-1)时,随着pH值的下降或铝浓度的上升,马尾松幼苗的微核率逐渐上升.不同胁迫对马尾松微核率的影响程度为酸雨-铝＞铝＞酸雨.2)在pH值为5.6～2.5或铝浓度为100～3 000 mg·L~(-1)时,随着pH值的下降或铝浓度的上升,马尾松核仁平均数逐渐下降.不同胁迫对马尾松微核率的影响程度为铝＞酸雨-铝＞酸雨.3)随着胁迫条件的加剧,马尾松幼苗体内的MDA含量和叶片质膜伤害度不断上升,与此同时也激发其体内抗氧化酶SOD活性和POD的含量逐渐上升,但是当胁迫状况超过马尾松的自身耐受程度时,SOD活性和POD含量反而开始下降.4)在酸雨-铝的交互胁迫下,马尾松在pH值5.6～3.5之间具有较强的铝蓄积能力和耐铝性.5)马尾松的抗铝机制:通过提高SOD和POD的合成,来降低铝的毒害与损伤;通过产生一些物质与铝相结合形成活性较低的难溶性化合铝,使其活性和移动性降低,蓄积在根茎部,以降低其毒害作用.     

Design of a 2 DOF spatial linkage mechanism

A 3D model of a 2 DOF spatial linkage mechanism was built using ADAMS. Kinematic analysis and simulation of the model were performed. The analysis results show that this mechanism meets the design requirements, which provides the basis for further design and control of the mechanism. The main factors that have an impact on mechanism precision subsequently were analyzed and designed. The results show that the sensitivity of the two legs' lengths ranks higher than that of the other design variables. Therefore, the precision design of the bipod is the key point to achieve mechanism precision. The study provides a theoretical foundation for the design, manufacture, assembly, and control of the mechanism.     

离子平衡调节基因及其在植物耐盐基因工程中的应用

对耐盐性相关的离子平衡调节基因及其在植物耐盐性中的作用,以及在植物耐盐基因工程中的应用进行了综述,并对前景进行了展望。     

致富带头人带贫减贫机制及个体特征的影响

为探究致富带头人的带贫减贫机制及个体特征的影响,基于参与式扶贫理论与涓滴理论,利用20个县市致富带头人的调研数据,采用分位数回归方法,对致富带头人带动农户带贫减贫的机制进行了剖析,检验了个体特征对致富带头人带动农户减贫效果的差异。研究表明:致富带头人同时具备“农民”和“企业家”的双重身份,具有明显的主动“带富”特征,对农户收入的影响包含了“利己性”与“利他性”的双向特征,致富带头人的教育水平和技能水平对带动农户增收和脱贫影响显著,但存在一定的局限性,现有的技能培训和管理培训还需进一步深化。因此,需要培育多种形式的致富带头人,扩大乡村经济精英与社会精英范围,加强致富带头人系统化技能和管理培训,强化物质支持和精神激励,提高身份认同,激发带富潜能。     

小鼠黑色素瘤功能异常CD8~+T细胞基因调控网络构建与分析

疾病是全球范围内危害畜禽健康的主要问题,解析免疫系统调控相关基因成为当前抗病分子育种的研究热点。为研究小鼠黑色素瘤模型功能异常CD8~+T细胞对免疫抗体处理的应答机制,通过基因调控网络方法筛选功能异常CD8~+T细胞在Ig G和PD1抗体处理的特定基因、转录因子和细胞表面受体。结果发现对照组、PD1抗体与Ig G抗体处理组分别有28、17、33个特定表达基因。与对照组相比,Ig G和PD1处理组有2个转录因子Zfx、Zfhx3关闭表达,PD1处理组细胞表面受体Raet1b表达。Raet1b基因的表达可能使小鼠黑色素瘤功能异常CD8~+T细胞恢复功能,结果为抗病育种的相关基因研究提供理论基础。     

有效激励与约束机制的职业经理人绩效评价探析

在对企业职业经理人的激励与约束机制基本理论阐述和原因的分析基础上,归纳了现行的四种激励和约束机制类型并针对每一种类型进行了绩效考核分析,以期探索适合于我国企业职业经理人的有效激励与约束机制。     

小麦春化相关基因研究进展

小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）是世界第二大粮食作物。春化作用是冬小麦成花必需过程,该过程同时伴随低温驯化,影响着小麦品种种植范围及产量。简要概述目前克隆的小麦春化相关基因及春化作用调控机理等研究进展,为小麦春化作用机理研究提供资料。     

Saccharin-induced systemic acquired resistance against rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) infection in soybean: Effects on growth and development

We examined the effect of saccharin on the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) response of soybean to the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the causal agent of soybean rust. Plants were grown hydroponically in half-strength Hoagland’s solution and were challenged with the pathogen 1, 5, 10 and 15 d after treatment with 3 mM saccharin applied either as a foliar spray or a root drench at the 2nd trifoliate (V3) and early reproductive (R1) stages. Plants were destructively harvested and assessed for visible rust symptoms 2 wk after inoculation. Mode of saccharin application was a significant factor influencing the severity of rust infection. Saccharin applied as a root drench was more effective than the foliar spray treatment at inducing SAR, with increased resistance observed 1 d after application. Systemic protection against rust infection was still apparent 15 d after application of saccharin as a root drench. In contrast, foliar treatment with saccharin did not increase systemic protection until 15 d after treatment. When systemic protection was induced by the application of saccharin in either manner, there was no significant reduction of plant growth, except when plants were inoculated 15 d after the saccharin application as a root drench at the R1 stage of development.     

熊果酸的镇静催眠作用研究

采用足底电刺激法剥夺大鼠睡眠8h,腹腔注射熊果酸4h后将大鼠断头处死,取其大脑皮质、海马及下丘脑处脑组织匀浆制备上清,测定大鼠脑组织匀浆中IL-1β、TNF-α和NO的含量。结果表明,睡眠剥夺大鼠给予熊果酸后,其各脑区内NO含量显著增加,IL-1β和TNF-α的含量变化不明显。说明熊果酸的镇静催眠作用与NO对睡眠的调节有关,IL-1β和TNF-α作为NO的上游事件,可能参与了熊果酸对睡眠的调节作用。     

蜜蜂睡眠机制的研究进展

简述了蜜蜂睡眠科学的研究意义,阐述了蜜蜂睡眠机制的研究内容和应用前景。